Search results for "age effects"

Symmetric BEM Formulations for Elastic-Damage Material Models

1997

BEM analysis for elastic-damage materials is addressed by “undamaged” fundamental solutions. In step-by-step analysis, the actual response is obtained by an iterative procedure in which the undamaged structure is subjected to the loads and to some fictitious strains (or relaxation stresses) simulating the damage effects. Through symmetric BEM, the solution to the typical iteration problem is shown to solve a boundary/domain stationarity principle, whereas the above iterative procedure can be incorporated in a predictor/corrector scheme aimed at the integration of the damage laws. Discretization by boundary and interior elements leads to a symmetric equation system.

Shakedown of Structures Accounting for Damage Effects

2002

Shakedown theory for elastic-plastic-damage materials is exposed. Two kinds of shakedown are considered: i) Enlarged shakedown (or simply shakedown), in which both plastic deformations and damage eventually cease, after which the structural response is purely elastic; ii) Weak-form shakedown, in which plastic deformations eventually cease together with their consequences (including ductile damage), not necessarily damage from other sources (which are however escluded by assumption). An (enlarged) shakedown static-type theorem is given for a class of D-stable structures. Sufficient theorems of weak-form shakedown are provided, i.e. a static-type one (quite similar to that of Hachemi and Weic…

Fitness in male black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) : effects of life histories and sexual selection on male lifetime mating success

2013

Wage Effects of Firm Size : Evidence from Linked Employer-Employee Panel

2017

This study explores the relationship between wages and firm size using large registered data and different identification strategies. We found that the effect of firm size on wages is negligible when worker and firm characteristics are accounted for. The findings are robust across identification strategies and numerous covariates. The findings are also consistent with the view that coordinated wage-setting systems narrow wage distributions. peerReviewed